Why in news?
On 5 July 2026 veteran Pandavani singer Teejan Bai passed away in Raipur at the age of 69. She was the most celebrated exponent of the Chhattisgarhi oral tradition that narrates episodes from the Mahabharata. Her death was mourned across India, highlighting the need to preserve folk arts. Tributes poured in from artists and leaders, including the Prime Minister.
Background
Pandavani is a narrative singing style from the Chhattisgarh region. Performers recite and dramatise stories from the Mahabharata, often focusing on the Pandavas. There are two main styles: the Vedamati style involves sitting and singing with a single‑stringed ektara, while the Kapalik style allows the singer to stand and use a tambura as a prop to depict weapons or chariots. Music is accompanied by instruments like the dholak, harmonium and cymbals. Traditionally, the art was performed by male Dalit singers, and women faced social barriers.
Teejan Bai’s contributions
- Breaking barriers: Born into the Pardhi tribal community, Teejan Bai learned Pandavani from her grandfather at age 13 and became one of the first women performers.
- Signature style: She popularised the Kapalik style, using the tambura to act out scenes. Her dynamic stage presence and powerful voice captivated audiences.
- Global recognition: Over a five‑decade career she performed in countries including France, Switzerland, Germany, England, Malta, Cyprus, Tunisia, Italy, Yemen, Bangladesh and Mauritius.
- Awards: She received the Padma Shri in 1988, Sangeet Natak Akademi award in 1995, Padma Bhushan in 2003 and Padma Vibhushan in 2019—the highest civilian honour ever awarded to a person from Chhattisgarh.
- Legacy: Teejan Bai trained many young artists and brought the once‑obscure folk art to national stages and television. She paved the way for other women performers.
Conclusion
Teejan Bai’s passing marks the end of an era in Pandavani. Her life story shows how talent and determination can overcome caste and gender biases. Preserving and promoting folk traditions like Pandavani is vital for India’s cultural diversity.