Why in news?
India’s Prime Minister undertook a two‑day official visit to Malaysia, highlighting the growing strategic partnership between the two nations.
Background
Malaysia is a federal constitutional monarchy in Southeast Asia. It consists of two landmasses — Peninsular Malaysia and East Malaysia (on the island of Borneo) — separated by the South China Sea. The country gained independence from British rule in 1957 and formed the Federation of Malaysia in 1963; Singapore briefly joined and then separated in 1965. Malaysia has a diverse population and is home to one of the largest Indian diasporas.
Geography and features
- Location: Straddling the Equator, Malaysia shares land borders with Thailand, Brunei and Indonesia and maritime boundaries with the Philippines, Singapore and Vietnam. The Strait of Malacca lies to the west and the South China Sea to the east.
- Capital and language: The national capital is Kuala Lumpur; the administrative centre is Putrajaya. Malay is the official language and the currency is the ringgit.
- Major mountain ranges: The Main Range on the peninsula and the Crocker, Bintang, Hose and Iran ranges in Borneo. Mount Kinabalu (4,095 m) in the Crocker Range is the country’s highest peak.
- Rivers and lakes: Important rivers include the Rajang, Sugut, Pahang and Klang. Natural lakes such as Bera and Tasik Chini are significant wetland habitats.
- Climate and biodiversity: A tropical climate supports rainforests, mangroves and coral reefs. Malaysia is recognised as a mega‑diverse country, harbouring Malayan tigers, pygmy elephants, orangutans and a wealth of endemic plants. Taman Negara, established in 1939, protects one of the world’s oldest rainforests.
Government and economy
- Political system: Malaysia is a federal constitutional monarchy. The ceremonial head of state is the Yang di‑Pertuan Agong, while the elected prime minister heads the government.
- Economic activities: Historically, rubber and tin dominated exports; today, Malaysia has a diversified economy with strong manufacturing, palm oil, oil and gas, electronics and financial services sectors.
- Strategic ties with India: Both countries cooperate in defence, trade and culture. Around three million people of Indian origin live in Malaysia, forming a cultural bridge between the two nations.
Source: PIB
